Corrections
What we corrected, and how
Last updated .
When a line on this site turns out to be wrong, or says more than its sources do, it is changed, and the change is listed here: the date, the page, what it said, what it says now, and why. Each record page keeps the same history for its own facts, beside its sources.
How a claim is labelled
Every fact on a record carries an evidence chip, and every section of the main pages ends with its evidence line. The labels mean:
- Documented: a primary or institutional source on file says so, and the chip names it. Measured: an instrument’s measurement, cited.
- Modeled: the output of one of the house’s models or calculators, with its assumptions stated; not a measurement.
- Perfumery convention, house interpretation, artistic visualisation: the line says what it is (the trade’s own terms, the house’s reading, a drawing). These are never counted as sourced.
- Not on record: nothing on file supports a value, so none is given; none is invented.
- Unsourced: the line stays on the page, marked, until a source is filed or the words change.
The evidence register lists the claims the pages make today, each with its status.
How a line is corrected
- Where a source on file contradicts a line, the line follows the source.
- Where no source supports it, it is softened to what can be supported, labelled for what it is, or removed.
- Firsts, rankings and superlatives that no source supports are reworded.
- The site makes no health or mood claims; a line that makes one is removed.
- A rule is named with who makes it and where it applies: IFRA Standards are an industry code, not law; EU rules are named as EU law; a US rule is given only where one is on file.
Report an error
If you find a mistake, write to us through the contact form on the Atelier page. Say which page and which line, and, if you can, the source that shows it. We publish no email address. A message sent through the form is kept as the privacy page describes.
Corrections to what the pages say
Newest first. Each is dated the day the correction was made; it reached the live site with the next update.
- It said
- “About a hundred smaller passages carried a figure without a source, or said something another page contradicted.”
- It says now
- “Each was sourced, labelled as modeled or estimated, reworded, or removed; where two pages disagreed, both now follow the records.”
- Why
- A read-through of every main page on 8 October 2026 checked each figure and statement against the records and their sources. Nineteen larger corrections from the same review are listed separately on this page.
- It said
- “Drawn and rendered in-house, credited models aside. No stock photography.”
- It says now
- “Drawn and rendered in-house, credited models and CC0 textures aside. No stock photography.”
- Why
- The new films on The Science and Materials & Origins use a few public-domain (CC0) photo textures and light maps. The credit line now says so, and Credits & provenance names each one.
- It said
- “Long-lasting (reported).”
- It says now
- “Long-lasting (the house’s reading).”
- Why
- No outside report of these wear times is on file. The ratings are the house’s own, and the label now says so.
- It said
- “The Fruit Paradox. Apple, peach, pear, strawberry — none gives a usable perfume extract. … The fruit note is an olfactory hallucination assembled from non-fruit compounds.”
- It says now
- “Fruit, Extracted or Rebuilt. Fruit was long hard to capture as a perfume material, and many fruit notes are still composed from molecules. But fruit extracts exist: MANE describes extracting with carbon dioxide in its supercritical form, and names coconut, dried fruit and a peach co-extracted with osmanthus among its extracts. … That is a reconstruction, not an extract.”
- Why
- Joe Radler flagged the card as untrue: fruit extracts exist. The card now cites MANE’s own description of its carbon-dioxide extracts, and explains the other route, rebuilding a fruit’s scent from the air around it (headspace).Source on file MANE
- It said
- “Lily of the valley cannot be extracted; the note is usually built from hydroxycitronellal, lilial (now restricted), terpineol and the like.”
- It says now
- “The muguet tradition leans on hydroxycitronellal and lilial; lilial is prohibited in EU cosmetics since 2022 (EU law; US law not on record), hydroxycitronellal is not.”
- Why
- “Now restricted” named no rule and no place. Lilial is prohibited in cosmetics by EU law; no US rule is on file, and the line says so.Source on file Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1902 of 29 October 2021 amending Annexes II, III and V to Regulation (EC) No…
- It said
- “Formula C₁₄H₂₆O (as the page prints it; not on PubChem)”
- It says now
- “Formula C₁₅H₂₆O (US EPA CompTox, DTXSID8051837)”
- Why
- The formula was one carbon short. It now follows the US EPA’s CompTox record for the molecule.Source on file U.S
- It said
- “The defining note of the chypre family. Limited to 0.1% — close to a ban in practice.”
- It says now
- “The defining note of the chypre family. Restricted by an IFRA Standard (an industry code, not law): atranol and chloroatranol each below 100 ppm in the extract; and both prohibited in EU cosmetics (EU law).”
- Why
- The 0.1 % figure is not in the IFRA Standard on file, which limits atranol and chloroatranol in the extract. IFRA Standards are an industry code, not law; the EU prohibition is law.Sources on file International Fragrance Association (IFRA); Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1410 of 2 August 2017 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009
- It said
- Summarised, not quoted a sentence saying that selling in the EU or the UK means a cosmetic safety assessment, which in practice usually means following IFRA, IFRA itself being voluntary.
- It says now
- “In the EU a cosmetic product needs a safety assessment (EU law: Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009); the UK keeps a retained version. IFRA standards are an industry code, binding only on IFRA members.”
- Why
- The duty comes from EU law, not from IFRA, and IFRA Standards bind only IFRA members. The line now names each rule and where it applies.Source on file Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products…
- It said
- “…vintage Shalimar contain materials that cannot legally appear in modern formulations. The oakmoss-labdanum-bergamot chypre structure was fundamentally compromised by 2003 restrictions.”
- It says now
- “…vintage Shalimar contain materials that are now restricted by IFRA standards (an industry code, not law; in the US it binds only IFRA members) and, for some, prohibited in EU cosmetics (EU law: atranol and chloroatranol from oakmoss, since 2019). The oakmoss-labdanum-bergamot chypre structure changed with those rules.”
- Why
- The line named no law and no country, and no 2003 rule is on file. IFRA Standards are an industry code; the EU prohibition is law and dates from 2019.Source on file Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1410 of 2 August 2017 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009
- It said
- “Separately, India’s competition regulator (CCI) has reportedly looked into claims that major suppliers struck “anti-poaching” agreements not to hire each other’s employees.”
- It says now
- “Separately, in January 2024 the UK Competition and Markets Authority extended its investigation to suspected reciprocal arrangements on hiring (“anti-poaching”) between Firmenich, Givaudan and IFF; it closed its investigation of Symrise in 2025. The CMA says no assumption should be made that the law has been infringed.”
- Why
- No report of an Indian inquiry is on file. The UK authority’s own case page is, and the line now follows it.Source on file UK Competition and Markets Authority, case 51257 "Suspected anti-competitive conduct in relation to fragrances and…
- It said
- Summarised, not quoted a sentence saying that daily smell training is widely recommended by clinicians for smell loss after viral infections.
- It says now
- “The site gives no medical advice. Speak to a doctor about any change in your sense of smell.”
- Why
- It was a health claim with no source on file. The house makes no health claims.
- It said
- Summarised, not quoted a paragraph saying that lavender, peppermint and citrus have small but genuine effects on relaxation, alertness and mood.
- It says now
- “Honesty here means saying what this site does and does not do: it describes what materials are, where they come from and how they smell. It makes no claim that a scent calms, lifts the mood or treats anything, and it reports no such effect.”
- Why
- The house makes no health or mood claims. The paragraph now says what the site does instead.
- It said
- “None of this means most perfume is hazardous — it means the materials most likely to sensitize are the ones most tightly governed. … Most wearers will not react to these. … A well-made synthetic, by contrast, is often a single, well-characterised compound with a known safety profile — often the more predictable choice.”
- It says now
- “US law: not on record here. … The purpose is to inform. A person who knows a trigger can read an ingredient list, find the culprit, and choose accordingly … A synthetic, by contrast, is often a single, well-characterised compound.”
- Why
- General reassurances about safety are health claims the house cannot support from its sources. They are gone; the facts about EU rules stay.
- It said
- “Fashion designer Paul Poiret invented the “designer perfume” concept in 1911 with Les Parfums de Rosine.”
- It says now
- “Fashion designer Paul Poiret launched Les Parfums de Rosine in 1911, an early couturier’s perfume house.”
- Why
- “Invented” claimed a first, and no source on file supports it.
- It said
- “Created Eau de Cologne in 1709 — a format whose name is still used for a whole class of fragrance.”
- It says now
- “Founded his house in Cologne in 1709 and sold the citrus water named after the city — a name still used for a whole class of fragrance.”
- Why
- The 1709 date on file (Wikidata) is the founding of the Farina house in Cologne, not the creation of the water.
- It said
- “Aldehydes (1903): Waxy, sparkling, diffusive molecules. Chanel No. 5’s secret weapon. Created the “expensive” smell of luxury.”
- It says now
- “Aldehydes (early twentieth century): Waxy, sparkling, diffusive molecules, used prominently in Chanel No. 5.”
- Why
- No source on file dates aldehydes in perfumery to 1903. The rest was promotion, not fact.
- It said
- “Calone (1966): Sea breeze, watermelon, ozone. Created the entire aquatic/marine category. Defines ’90s freshness.”
- It says now
- “Calone (1966): Sea breeze, watermelon, ozone. Associated with the aquatic style of the 1990s.”
- Why
- It claimed to have created a whole category, with no source on file.
- It said
- “Given GC-MS’s 2-4 hour decode time, the industry has largely abandoned formula patenting…”
- It says now
- “Given how quickly GC-MS can analyse a perfume, the industry has largely abandoned formula patenting…”
- Why
- No source on file gives a decode time.
- It said
- “The rhizome (root) of the iris flower, aged 3-5 years to develop its powdery, violet-like character.”
- It says now
- “The rhizome (root) of the iris flower, dried for a few years to develop its powdery, violet-like character.”
- Why
- The source on file says the rhizome dries “for a few years”; it does not say three to five.Source on file Crișan (2025). The Genus Iris Tourn. ex L.: Updates on Botany, Cultivation, Novel Niches and Impactful Applications
- It said
- “Detection threshold: 2 parts per trillion”
- It says now
- “Odour threshold: 0.006 µg/kg in water”
- Why
- The source first given was PubChem’s identity page for the molecule, which records no odour threshold. The value now comes from a published odorant database, with its unit and the medium it was measured in. The record page for β-damascenone keeps this history beside its sources.Source on file Kreissl et al. (2022). Leibniz-LSB@TUM Odorant Database, Version 1.2
- It said
- “Iso E Super … was synthesized in 1973 by John Hall at IFF.”
- It says now
- “Iso E Super … was first made in the early 1970s by the chemist John B. Hall (patented with Sanders in 1975).”
- Why
- Corrected to what the sources filed for the molecule say: the early 1970s, and the patent of 1975.
- It said
- Summarised, not quoted a price history of four bottles from other houses, with twenty dollar figures, bars and lines on inflation, rises since launch and cost per millilitre.
- It says now
- “The house keeps no price history yet. The figures that stood here had no checked source, so they are gone; what remains is how to read a bottle’s price over time for yourself.”
- Why
- The figures had no checked source, and the bars were not drawn to scale.
- It said
- “Radler Parfums formulates to its own standard, not IFRA’s. See our position on IFRA above.”
- It says now
- The line was removed.
- Why
- A statement about the house’s own practice that only Joe Radler could confirm; he chose to remove it.
- It said
- “Unsubscribe anytime.”
- It says now
- “To leave the list, write to us through the contact form.”
- Why
- The site had no unsubscribe link or service to keep that promise.
Sentence by sentence: the origin essays
70 sentences in the essays on Materials & Origins were reworded or removed when they were checked against their sources, from the review of 27 September 2026 on: 43 softened, 18 removed, 9 corrected and now sourced. Each record page keeps the same list beside its sources. The old words are shown so the change can be seen; the pages no longer say them.
Materials & Origins: Rosa damascena9 sentences · record updated
Corrected, now sourced
The Rosa damascena is picked for twenty to thirty days from May in the Rose Valley of Bulgaria
(was: The Rosa damascena blooms for precisely three weeks each May in the Rose Valley of Bulgaria)
Source on file Publication of an application pursuant to Article 50(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 (‘Българско розово масло’…
On the record page for Kazanlak, Rose Valley.
Softened
Picking starts in May and lasts 20–30 days · from 5–6 a.m. to about noon
(was: Harvest · May · 4am–8am Only)
Source on file Publication of an application pursuant to Article 50(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 (‘Българско розово масло’…
On the record page for Kazanlak, Rose Valley.
Corrected, now sourced
Picking season: 20–30 days from May (PGI)
(was: Bloom season: 3 weeks in May)
Source on file Publication of an application pursuant to Article 50(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 (‘Българско розово масло’…
On the record page for Kazanlak, Rose Valley.
Corrected, now sourced
Odour threshold: 0.006 µg/kg in water
(was: Detection threshold 2 parts per trillion)
Source on file Kreissl et al. (2022). Leibniz-LSB@TUM Odorant Database, Version 1.2
On the record page for β-damascenone.
Softened
Picking starts in the early morning and ends around noon, before the heat of the day. It takes an enormous weight of hand-picked petals to make a single kilogram of rose oil.
(was: Harvest begins before sunrise — the flowers must be picked before the heat of day begins to volatilize the delicate esters that define rose’s character. One kilogram of rose otto requires roughly four tons of hand-picked petals.)
Source on file Publication of an application pursuant to Article 50(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 (‘Българско розово масло’…
On the record page for Kazanlak, Rose Valley.
Corrected, now sourced
which the nose notices at vanishingly small amounts
(was: detectable at concentrations as low as 2 parts per trillion. A single molecule in a swimming pool of water. The human nose, correctly understood, is the most sensitive analytical instrument ever produced.)
Source on file Kreissl et al. (2022). Leibniz-LSB@TUM Odorant Database, Version 1.2
On the record page for β-damascenone.
Softened
hundreds of identified compounds
(was: over 300 identified compounds)
No source on file
On the record page for rose otto.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Yield 4 tons → 1 kg oil)
No source on file
On the record page for rose otto.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Price per kg: $6,000–$12,000)
No source on file
On the record page for rose otto.
Materials & Origins: Jasminum grandiflorum6 sentences · record updated
Softened
Flowering and harvest May–October · flowers for oil picked before 10 a.m.
(was: Harvest · July–October · Night Only)
Source on file Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), TNAU Agritech Portal, “Horticulture :
On the record page for Tamil Nadu.
Softened
For oil the opened flowers are picked by hand early in the day — before 10 a.m., the Tamil Nadu crop guide says — and a great many of them go into a single gram of absolute.
(was: The flowers open only at night, and must be harvested before sunrise — roughly 8,000 flowers yield roughly one gram of absolute.)
Source on file Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), TNAU Agritech Portal, “Horticulture :
On the record page for Tamil Nadu.
Corrected, now sourced
Morning, before 10 a.m. (TNAU)
(was: Harvest time: Pre-dawn only)
Source on file Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), TNAU Agritech Portal, “Horticulture :
On the record page for Tamil Nadu.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Yield 8,000 flowers → 1 kg)
No source on file
On the record page for jasmine absolute.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Yield: 8,000 flowers → 1 g)
No source on file
On the record page for jasmine absolute.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Price per kg: $3,000–$5,000)
No source on file
On the record page for jasmine absolute.
Materials & Origins: Aquilaria malaccensis10 sentences · record updated
Softened
Long-aged pieces are among the costliest materials in perfumery.
(was: The oldest specimens command prices rivaling fine art.)
No source on file
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Softened
Wild Aquilaria is now scarce and its trade is regulated. Much of today’s oud comes from cultivated trees in which the infection is induced by hand. Wild oud from Assam or Borneo, aged naturally over decades, remains among the costliest materials in perfumery, and the grades prized in Japan as kyara are rarer still.
(was: the retired wording is kept in the claims register (row 2262))
Sources on file Baig et al. (2025). Agarwood in the Modern Era: Integrating Biotechnology and Pharmacology for Sustainable Use; UNEP (2026)
On the record page for Borneo.
Softened
Long-aged pieces are among the costliest materials in perfumery.
(was: The oldest pieces are among the costliest materials in perfumery.)
Source on file Baig et al. (2025). Agarwood in the Modern Era: Integrating Biotechnology and Pharmacology for Sustainable Use
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Softened
aged naturally over decades
(was: aged naturally over 30-50 years)
Source on file Baig et al. (2025). Agarwood in the Modern Era: Integrating Biotechnology and Pharmacology for Sustainable Use
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Corrected, now sourced
Trade: CITES Appendix II (the genus Aquilaria is listed)
(was: CITES status: Appendix II Protected)
Sources on file UNEP (2026); Baig et al. (2025). Agarwood in the Modern Era: Integrating Biotechnology and Pharmacology for Sustainable Use
On the record page for Aquilaria malaccensis Lam..
Softened
Accumulation time: Decades
(was: Accumulation time 20–100 years)
Source on file Baig et al. (2025). Agarwood in the Modern Era: Integrating Biotechnology and Pharmacology for Sustainable Use
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Premium Kyara (Japanese oud) can exceed $100,000 per kilogram.)
No source on file
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Wild price Up to $100,000/kg)
No source on file
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Harvest · Year-round · Rare Old Growth)
No source on file
On the record page for Borneo.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Wild price: $30,000–100,000/kg)
No source on file
On the record page for agarwood oil.
Materials & Origins: Lavandula angustifolia7 sentences · record updated
Softened
lavandin gives almost three times as much essential oil as fine lavender, and a good deal of what is sold as “lavender” is lavandin.
(was: lavandin produces 10 times the essential oil per hectare. Much of what is sold as “lavender” in the market is lavandin.)
Source on file Rosati-Marzetti C, anthropologist: “Les pratiques de culture des lavandes dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence”, Fiche…
On the record page for lavandin essential oil.
Corrected, now sourced
is cultivated above 800 m on the limestone plateaux of Haute-Provence, inside the AOC area
(was: grows only above 800 meters altitude in the limestone hills of Haute-Provence)
Source on file Rosati-Marzetti C, anthropologist: “Les pratiques de culture des lavandes dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence”, Fiche…
On the record page for Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.
Corrected, now sourced
Altitude: Above 800 m (the AOC area)
(was: Altitude (premium): 800m–1,500m)
Source on file Rosati-Marzetti C, anthropologist: “Les pratiques de culture des lavandes dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence”, Fiche…
On the record page for Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.
Corrected, now sourced
Mid-June to early July on the Valensole plateau; July to mid-August higher up (Ministry of Culture record)
(was: Harvest: July, mid-morning)
Source on file Rosati-Marzetti C, anthropologist: “Les pratiques de culture des lavandes dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence”, Fiche…
On the record page for Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.
Softened
Many plant species
(was: Natural sources: 200+ plant species)
No source on file
On the record page for linalool.
Softened
Harvest mid-June to mid-August, by altitude
(was: Harvest · July · 1,000m+ Altitude)
Source on file Rosati-Marzetti C, anthropologist: “Les pratiques de culture des lavandes dans les Alpes-de-Haute-Provence”, Fiche…
On the record page for Alpes-de-Haute-Provence.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Boiling point 198°C)
No source on file
On the record page for linalool.
Materials & Origins: Mysore Sandalwood10 sentences · record updated
Softened
The fragrant heartwood takes decades to develop, and harvest in India is tightly regulated. The scarcity makes genuine Mysore sandalwood oil one of the costliest materials in perfumery.
(was: The fragrant heartwood develops only after 30+ years of maturity. Indian government heavily restricts harvest; trees are owned by the state. The resulting scarcity makes genuine Mysore sandalwood oil among the costliest materials in perfumery — often $2,500+ per kilogram.)
Sources on file Fatima et al. (2022). Comparative transcriptome profiling of high and low oil yielding Santalum album L.; Diaz-Chavez et al. (2013). Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F Cytochromes P450 Produce Santalols and Bergamotol; Kirdat et al. (2022). Nested Real-Time PCR Assessment of Vertical Transmission of Sandalwood Spike Phytoplasma (‘Ca
On the record page for Mysore.
Softened
The fragrant heartwood takes decades to develop, and harvest in India is tightly regulated.
(was: The fragrant heartwood develops only after 30-50 years of maturity. Indian government heavily restricts harvest; trees are owned by the state.)
Source on file Fatima et al. (2022). Comparative transcriptome profiling of high and low oil yielding Santalum album L.
On the record page for Mysore.
Softened
The heartwood of decades — one of the most prized woods in perfumery, its creamy, milky sweetness hard to match with any synthetic or other species.
(was: The heartwood of thirty years — the world’s most precious wood, its creamy, milky sweetness unmatched by any synthetic or alternative species.)
Source on file Diaz-Chavez et al. (2013). Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F Cytochromes P450 Produce Santalols and Bergamotol
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Softened
The heartwood of decades — a prized wood in perfumery, its creamy, milky sweetness hard to match with any synthetic or other species.
(was: The heartwood of decades — one of the most prized woods in perfumery, its creamy, milky sweetness hard to match with any synthetic or other species.)
Source on file Diaz-Chavez et al. (2013). Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F Cytochromes P450 Produce Santalols and Bergamotol
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Softened
Mysore oil is rich in α-santalol, the source of its creaminess.
(was: The α-santalol content in Mysore specimens reaches 90%, delivering unparalleled creaminess.)
Sources on file Fatima et al. (2022). Comparative transcriptome profiling of high and low oil yielding Santalum album L.; Diaz-Chavez et al. (2013). Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F Cytochromes P450 Produce Santalols and Bergamotol
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Softened
carved sandalwood keeps its scent for a very long time
(was: temple carvings release scent for centuries)
No source on file
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Softened
α-Santalol: With β-santalol, the main contributor to the scent
(was: α-Santalol content: ~90%)
Source on file Diaz-Chavez et al. (2013). Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F Cytochromes P450 Produce Santalols and Bergamotol
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Softened
Tree maturity: Decades
(was: Tree maturity 30–50 years)
No source on file
On the record page for Santalum album L..
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: The resulting scarcity makes genuine Mysore sandalwood oil among the costliest materials in perfumery — often $2,500+ per kilogram.)
No source on file
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Price (genuine): $2,500+/kg)
No source on file
On the record page for sandalwood oil.
Materials & Origins: Haitian Vetiver5 sentences · record updated
Softened
Distillation: Long, slow distillation
(was: Distillation time 18–24 hours)
No source on file
Softened
Haiti is one of the leading producers of vetiver oil, and the crop supports a great many small farmers. With about two hundred compounds on record, vetiver is a chemically complex natural material. Khusimol is among its most abundant alcohols, but the smell itself has been traced to a trace ketone, and the full orchestra creates the unmistakable character.
(was: the retired wording is kept in the claims register (row 2279))
Sources on file Burger et al. (2017). Vetiver Essential Oil in Cosmetics: What Is New?; Ouyang et al. (2021). The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis; Barcellos-Silva et al. (2025). Vetiver, Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash: Biotechnology, Biorefineries, and the Production of Volatile Phytochemicals
On the record page for Haiti.
Softened
Haiti is one of the leading producers of vetiver oil, and the crop supports a great many small farmers.
(was: Haiti produces roughly 250 tons annually, making it the world’s largest supplier)
Sources on file Burger et al. (2017). Vetiver Essential Oil in Cosmetics: What Is New?; Ouyang et al. (2021). The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis
On the record page for Haiti.
Softened
Compounds: About two hundred on record
(was: Compounds: 300+)
Sources on file Ouyang et al. (2021). The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis; Barcellos-Silva et al. (2025). Vetiver, Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash: Biotechnology, Biorefineries, and the Production of Volatile Phytochemicals
On the record page for vetiver oil.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Haiti production ~250 tons/year)
Source on file Ouyang et al. (2021). The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis
On the record page for Haiti.
Materials & Origins: Omani Frankincense2 sentences · record updated
Softened
Laboratory studies in animals have reported effects of incensole acetate, a compound in the resin; what that means for people burning it is not established.
(was: Recent neuroscience research suggests incensole acetate (a compound in frankincense) has psychoactive properties, activating TRPV3 receptors and potentially explaining the contemplative states reported during religious burning.)
Source on file Moussaieff et al. (2008). Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psychoactivity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain
On the record page for incensole acetate.
Softened
Sacred use: Thousands of years
(was: Sacred use: 4,000+ years)
Sources on file Moussaieff et al. (2008). Incensole acetate, an incense component, elicits psychoactivity by activating TRPV3 channels in the brain; Yamamoto et al. (2020). Roles of ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid and their interactions in frankincense resin production in Boswellia sacra Flueck
On the record page for frankincense.
Materials & Origins: Calabrian Bergamot6 sentences · record updated
Softened
Bergamot is a small, bitter citrus fruit grown mainly in the Calabria region of southern Italy, along a narrow coastal strip. Its microclimate — Mediterranean sun, the soil, coastal humidity — is hard to match elsewhere, and Calabria is the source most often named for bergamot oil.
(was: Bergamot is a small, bitter citrus fruit grown almost exclusively in the Calabria region of southern Italy, along a narrow 100-kilometer coastal strip. The microclimate — Mediterranean sun, specific soil composition, coastal humidity — cannot be replicated elsewhere. Attempts to cultivate in other regions produce inferior oil. Calabria produces 90% of the world’s supply.)
Sources on file Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application; Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian…
On the record page for Calabria.
Softened
Calabria is the source most often named for bergamot oil.
(was: Calabria produces 90% of the world’s supply.)
Source on file Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application
On the record page for Calabria.
Softened
Raw bergamot contains bergapten, a furanocoumarin that can make skin sensitive to sunlight — which is why perfumery generally uses bergapten-free (FCF) grades.
(was: Raw bergamot contains bergapten, a furanocoumarin that causes photosensitivity — modern perfumery uses bergapten-free (FCF) versions.)
Source on file Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application
On the record page for bergamot essential oil.
Softened
Calabria: The source most often named
(was: Calabria share: 90% global)
Source on file Navarra et al. (2015). Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application
On the record page for Calabria.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Harvest: Nov–Feb)
Source on file Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian…
On the record page for Calabria.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Yield: ~200 fruits/kg oil)
Source on file Disciplinare per la denominazione di origine protetta “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – olio essenziale” (the Italian…
Materials & Origins: Madagascar Vanilla8 sentences · record updated
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natural vanilla contains hundreds of compounds
(was: natural vanilla contains 200+ compounds)
No source on file
On the record page for cured vanilla pods.
Softened
Pollination window: The single day the flower is open
(was: Pollination window ~4 hours)
Source on file de Oliveira RT, da Silva Oliveira JP, Macedo AF
On the record page for Vanilla planifolia Andrews.
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A labour-intensive spice: each flower pollinated by hand on the single day it is open.
(was: the retired wording is kept in the claims register (row 2290))
Source on file de Oliveira RT, da Silva Oliveira JP, Macedo AF
On the record page for Vanilla planifolia Andrews.
Softened
The island is now one of the leading growers of vanilla.
(was: The island now produces 80% of the world’s supply.)
Sources on file Cuan-Escobar et al. (2025). Effect of different killing methods during curing on the phytochemical and bacterial composition of Vanilla planifolia using multi-omic approaches; de Oliveira RT, da Silva Oliveira JP, Macedo AF
On the record page for Madagascar.
Softened
Madagascar: A leading grower
(was: Madagascar share: 80% global)
Sources on file Cuan-Escobar et al. (2025). Effect of different killing methods during curing on the phytochemical and bacterial composition of Vanilla planifolia using multi-omic approaches; de Oliveira RT, da Silva Oliveira JP, Macedo AF
On the record page for Madagascar.
Softened
The process takes months.
(was: The process takes 6-9 months.)
Softened
Curing time: Months
(was: Curing time: 6–9 months)
Softened
Aroma compounds: Formed during curing
(was: Compounds: 200+)
On the record page for cured vanilla pods.
Materials & Origins: Florentine Iris7 sentences · record updated
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among the costliest natural materials in perfumery
(was: arguably the most expensive natural material in perfumery)
No source on file
On the record page for orris butter.
Softened
After harvest, the roots must be peeled, dried, and aged for several years
(was: After harvest, the roots must be peeled, dried, and aged for 3-5 years)
Source on file Crișan (2025). The Genus Iris Tourn. ex L.: Updates on Botany, Cultivation, Novel Niches and Impactful Applications
On the record page for orris butter.
Softened
Aging time: Several years
(was: Aging time 3–5 years)
Source on file Crișan (2025). The Genus Iris Tourn. ex L.: Updates on Botany, Cultivation, Novel Niches and Impactful Applications
On the record page for orris butter.
Removed
Orris butter is among the costliest materials any perfumer will ever handle.
(was: At $40,000-60,000 per kilogram, orris butter is among the costliest materials any perfumer will ever handle.)
No source on file
On the record page for orris butter.
Softened
aged for several years
(was: aged for 3-5 years)
Source on file Crișan (2025). The Genus Iris Tourn. ex L.: Updates on Botany, Cultivation, Novel Niches and Impactful Applications
On the record page for orris butter.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: At $40,000-60,000 per kilogram, orris butter is among the costliest materials any perfumer will ever handle.)
No source on file
On the record page for orris butter.
Removed
Removed from the page.
(was: Price (butter): $40,000–60,000/kg)
No source on file
On the record page for orris butter.
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