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Santalum album L.

Santalum album L., Indian sandalwood, is a slow-growing hemiparasitic tree of the family Santalaceae. Its oil comes from the heartwood and roots of mature trees.

Natural populations have declined; a study of the sandalwood spike disease reports it on the IUCN Red List since 1998 and as vulnerable since 2019.

Read the essay · The card

The record

Each field carries its evidence: open a chip for the source, the quoted words and the confidence. A field with nothing behind it says so and stays empty.

Latin name
Santalum album L.
documented

"scientificName": "Santalum album L."

GBIF-1 · GBIF Secretariat (2023) · read 2026-09-30

the accepted name in the GBIF Backbone (usage 2889785)

confidence A

Common name
Indian sandalwood (also East Indian, or tropical, sandalwood)
documented

Santalum album, also known as tropical or Indian sandalwood, is the most valuable of the commercially used species due to the high heartwood oil content (6–10% by dry weight) and desirable odor characteristics.

GC-7 · Diaz-Chavez ML, Moniodis J, Madilao LL, Jancsik S, Keeling CI, Barbour EL, Ghisalberti EL, · read 2026-09-30

confidence A

Family
Santalaceae
documented

"family": "Santalaceae"

GBIF-1 · GBIF Secretariat (2023) · read 2026-09-30

confidence A

Part used
the heartwood, and the roots, of mature trees
documented

The economic value of sandalwood depends on the quantity of heartwood and its essential oil extracted from the heartwood as well roots of the mature trees of santalum spps. [2–5].

GC-8 · Fatima T, Krishnan R, Srivastava A, Hanur VS, Rao MS · read 2026-09-30
GC-7 · Diaz-Chavez ML, Moniodis J, Madilao LL, Jancsik S, Keeling CI, Barbour EL, Ghisalberti EL, · read 2026-09-30

GC-7: the oil is “Extracted from the mature heartwood” (GC-7)

confidence A

Cultivars
not on record
not on record

no cultivar is named in a filed source

Origins on record
  • Mysore (Mysuru), Karnataka
    documented

    Karnataka: Chamundi Hills and Bannerghatta. That Chamundi Hills stands at Mysuru is general geography, not the source’s words; the page’s “Mysore sandalwood” is the trade’s name

    confidence B

Materials

Films and plates

  • SPEC-4 · sandalwood: the /materials specimen still · still
  • OR-4 · sandalwood: the origin film (the field to the bench) · queued: the master queue lists OR-4 as queued (the render queue’s list, read 2026-09-30); no path until it is rendered and published
    a render-time texture (Brown Mud Dry; a render input only): "Brown Mud Dry", Rob Tuytel (Poly Haven), CC0 1.0; a render-time texture (Bark Brown 02; a render input only): "Bark Brown 02", Rob Tuytel (Poly Haven), CC0 1.0

Claims register

Every sentence and number the site states about this record, with its status after the 2026-09-27 review.

  • softened · Tree maturity: Decades (was: Tree maturity 30–50 years)
    perfumery convention · register row 1320

    the trade’s shared vocabulary; no single source

    softened by the house’s review 2026-09-27 (row 2276). no filed source gives the age at which the heartwood forms (GC-7 says only “slow growing”); “decades” is the trade’s convention

    where the site says it: /materials, “Mysore Sandalwood”

    confidence B

  • softened · Tree maturity: Decades (was: Tree maturity: 30–50 years)
    perfumery convention · register row 2276

    the trade’s shared vocabulary; no single source

    no filed source gives the age at which the heartwood forms (GC-7 says only “slow growing”); “decades” is the trade’s convention

    where the site says it: /materials, “Mysore Sandalwood”

    confidence B

Sources

  1. GBIF-1 · GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-09-30. doi.org/10.15468/39omei · read 2026-09-30 · CC BY 4.0 (the dataset’s licence field); the JSON responses are filed, pretty-printed, with this attribution
  2. GC-7 · Diaz-Chavez ML, Moniodis J, Madilao LL, Jancsik S, Keeling CI, Barbour EL, Ghisalberti EL, Plummer JA, Jones CG, Bohlmann J. Biosynthesis of Sandalwood Oil: Santalum album CYP76F Cytochromes P450 Produce Santalols and Bergamotol. PLoS ONE 2013;8(9):e75053. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0075053. PMID 24324844. PMCID PMC3854609. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075053 · read 2026-09-30 · Creative Commons Attribution License (open access, as the article states); short quotes only, the text is not filed
  3. GC-8 · Fatima T, Krishnan R, Srivastava A, Hanur VS, Rao MS. Comparative transcriptome profiling of high and low oil yielding Santalum album L. PLoS ONE 2022;17(4):e0252173. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0252173. PMID 35482775. PMCID PMC9049570. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252173 · read 2026-09-30 · Creative Commons Attribution License (PLoS open access, as the article states); short quotes only, the text is not filed
  4. GC-9 · Kirdat K, Tiwarekar B, Swetha P, Padma S, Thorat V, Manjula KN, Kavya N, Sundararaj R, Yadav A. Nested Real-Time PCR Assessment of Vertical Transmission of Sandalwood Spike Phytoplasma (‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’). Biology (Basel) 2022;11(10):1494. DOI 10.3390/biology11101494. PMID 36290399. PMCID PMC9598993. doi.org/10.3390/biology11101494 · read 2026-09-30 · CC BY (open access, MDPI, as the article states); short quotes only, the text is not filed

These records are published under CC BY 4.0.

this record as data: /data/botanical/santalum-album.json · version 1 · updated 2026-09-30 · confidence A