The evidence register · The Great Paradox
The Great Paradox: the evidence
The claims The Great Paradox makes, as it makes them today: 42 sourced, 21 labeled for what they are, 23 unsourced.
About 7 minutes of reading
The whole register · the page itself
The molecules that changed everything
- sourced C₁₆H₂₈O · CAS 6790-58-5 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10857465, (-)-Ambroxide. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced C₁₆H₃₀O · CAS 541-91-3 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 10947, Muskone. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced C₉H₆O₂ · CAS 91-64-5 (from the record) · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 323, Coumarin
- sourced C₁₃H₂₂O₃ · CAS 24851-98-7 (from the record) · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 102861, Hedione
- sourced C₁₆H₂₆O · CAS 54464-57-2 (from the record) · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 108242, 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)ethanone
- sourced C₁₈H₂₆O · CAS 1222-05-5 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 91497, Galaxolide. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 103-26-4 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 637520, Methyl Cinnamate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 4940-11-8 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 21059, Ethyl Maltol. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 28940-11-6 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 120101, Methyl benzodioxepinone. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 83-34-1 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6736, Skatole. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 97-53-0 (from the record) · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 3314, Eugenol
- sourced CAS 77-83-8 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6501, Ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 93-08-3 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 7122, 2-Acetylnaphthalene. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 127-91-3 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 14896, Beta-Pinene. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 123-11-5 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31244, 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 141-12-8 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1549025, Neryl acetate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 98-55-5 (from the record) · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 17100, Alpha-Terpineol
- sourced CAS 93-89-0 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 7165, Ethyl benzoate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 2050-08-0 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 16299, Amyl Salicylate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 122-40-7 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 31209, Amylcinnamaldehyde. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 6259-76-3 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 22629, Hexyl Salicylate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 33704-61-9 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 92292, (+-)-Cashmeran. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 198404-98-7 · U.S
- sourced CAS 141773-73-1 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 16063567, 1-Propanol, 2-(1-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)ethoxy)-2-methyl-, 1-propanoate. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 19700-21-1 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 29746, Geosmin. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced CAS 112-31-2 · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 8175, Decanal. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- sourced C₁₆H₃₀O as the section states it · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 7160826, Muscone. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- unsourced Originally from the musk deer, now a protected species; perfumery uses synthetic muscone.
- house interpretation Landmark: the musk every synthetic musk is measured against
- unsourced Velvety cedarwood, smooth and skin-like. Some people perceive it only faintly or not at all (see the Ghost Molecule below).
- unsourced Its persistence in the environment is monitored and debated, and some houses now choose other musks.
- house interpretation Landmark: the “clean” of laundry and fine fragrance alike
- house interpretation Its high dose in Mugler’s Angel is widely credited with opening the gourmand family. Sweeter-smelling than maltol itself.
- sourced An early synthetic in perfumery (Perkin, 1868), used in Houbigant’s Fougère Royale. · Stepanyuk and Kirschning (2019). Synthetic terpenoids in the world of fragrances: Iso E Super® is the showcase
The Great Paradox
- sourced C₁₀H₁₈O arranged in exactly the same way. · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6549, Linalool
- sourced C₈H₈O₃ as the section states it · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1183, Vanillin
- sourced Dior’s Eau Sauvage (1966, Edmond Roudnitska) is often cited for its use. · Osmothèque, Conservatoire international des parfums
- unsourced You’re smelling hundreds of individual molecules hitting your olfactory receptors simultaneously.
- unsourced Rosa damascena oil contains hundreds of identified compounds, among them:
- house interpretation It means we know exactly what we’re making — and we can make it the same way every time.
- house interpretation Synthetics expanded the perfumer’s palette far beyond what nature could supply.
- perfumery convention Aldehydes often smell fatty or citrusy, esters fruity, alcohols fresh, ketones sweet or powdery. A small change in structure can change the whole scent.
- perfumery convention The pyramid follows volatility more than any rule.
- sourced The two mirror forms of some molecules smell different. Same atoms, different arrangement, different smell. · Genva et al. (2019). Is It Possible to Predict the Odor of a Molecule on the Basis of its Structure?
- unsourced Your nose has several hundred types of olfactory receptors. Each molecule activates a combination of them.
- unsourced At high concentrations, indole smells fecal — it is one of the molecules in that smell. But at the trace levels found in jasmine, it creates that heady, narcotic, almost scandalous quality that makes jasmine so intoxicating.
- house interpretation Your nose is a remarkably fine chemical detector.
- unsourced You have several hundred types of olfactory receptors. Each odor activates its own combination — like a barcode.
- unsourced Smell adapts quickly. After a while you stop consciously perceiving a constant odor.
- unsourced Much of what you call “taste” is actually retronasal smell. Block your nose, and coffee tastes like bitter water.
- unsourced A rose absolute can yield hundreds of peaks on a chromatogram — each peak a distinct molecule.
- unsourced The “Flavor Dilution Factor” (FD) reveals true impact — a trace compound can outrank one present in far greater amounts.
- unsourced Hundreds of volatiles have been identified in wine.
- house interpretation An effect no single natural material gives.
- house interpretation It is widely linked to the marine fragrances of the late 1980s and 1990s, Issey Miyake’s L’Eau d’Issey among them.
- house interpretation A synthetic facet of ambergris, central to many recent masculine fragrances.
- unsourced Its persistence in the environment is monitored and debated. Still used because little else smells quite like “clean.”
- house interpretation Its generous use in Mugler’s Angel is widely credited with opening the gourmand category.
- unsourced The bacteria living on your skin can transform some fragrance molecules into different compounds, which is one proposed reason a perfume can smell different from one person to the next. Your skin is a living surface, not a blotter.
- house interpretation Much of a bottle’s price is marketing and packaging rather than the liquid.
- unsourced It can float in the ocean for years, oxidizing into a complex, animalic-sweet material. Its legal status differs from country to country.
- unsourced Androstenone, Iso E Super and some musks are well-known cases. For β-ionone, genetic variation changes how people perceive it.
- house interpretation A fine fragrance can contain dozens of ingredients, a masterwork many more. But the palette available to perfumers is finite.
- house interpretation A safer return for the brand.
- unsourced Now largely replaced with synthetic civetone for ethical reasons.
- unsourced From the musk pod of the male musk deer, a protected species whose trade is controlled. The “holy grail” of animalic notes, and the reason perfumery turned to synthetic musks.
- house interpretation A complex natural with a very low yield.
- sourced Studies have found scent-triggered memories often more emotional and older than memories cued by words or pictures; the olfactory system’s close links to the amygdala and hippocampus are the usual explanation. · Herz (2016). The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health
- house interpretation Skanky ouds, smoky leathers, medicinal notes can become beautiful with repetition. What you dislike today may become your signature.
- sourced Paul Parquet used it in Fougère Royale for Houbigant, which gave its name to the fougère family. · Kleoff et al. (2022). Synthesis of odorants in flow and their applications in perfumery
- unsourced In commercial perfumery, the fragrance concentrate is a small share of the retail price.
- sourced Iris rhizomes dried and aged for years, then steam-distilled. · Crișan (2025). The Genus Iris Tourn. ex L.: Updates on Botany, Cultivation, Novel Niches and Impactful Applications
- sourced Some naturals are restricted by the IFRA Standards (the industry’s own rules, which are not law in the US) and, for a few of their components, by EU law, because they can sensitize skin or react with sunlight; natural musk came from an animal now protected… · International Fragrance Association (IFRA)
- sourced Culture shapes much of that learning: responses to everyday smells differ widely from one culture to another. · Herz (2016). The Role of Odor-Evoked Memory in Psychological and Physiological Health
The Ghost Molecule
- sourced Iso E Super (1-(2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone, molecular formula C₁₆H₂₆O) was first made in the early 1970s by the chemist John B. · PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1808124, 1-(2,3,8,8-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-2-YL)ethanone, trans-(A+-)-. National Center for Biotechnology Information
- house interpretation Iso E Super sits — by industry lore, no measured count — in a great many contemporary fine fragrances, Molecule 01 most famously.
- unsourced Hall is also credited with Cashmeran.
- sourced Why some people miss it: a specific anosmia is usually explained by differences in the olfactory receptors a person carries. For Iso E Super the details are still being studied; what wearers report is the experience below — a scent that seems to vanish for… · Genva et al. (2019). Is It Possible to Predict the Odor of a Molecule on the Basis of its Structure?
- unsourced Thought to be genetic. Published prevalence estimates vary widely; none is quoted here until a peer-reviewed source is cited.
Natural vs Synthetic — The Truth
- sourced A natural rose absolute holds hundreds of compounds, of which a handful carry most of the rose character; the rest include waxes, traces, and substances such as geraniol, citronellol, eugenol and linalool that EU cosmetics rules list as allergens to be… · Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products…
- house interpretation Much of the natural-versus-synthetic debate in perfumery is about marketing, not chemistry.
The Captive Molecule Catalog
- sourced A new molecule is protected by patents for a limited term. · Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), Annex 1C of the Marrakesh…
- unsourced The ambergris molecule is the classic example: known under several trade names from different houses — Ambrox®, Ambroxan, Ambrofix™ and others — the same molecule appears with slightly different specifications and character.
Aroma Chemicals Reference
- house interpretation Leather, roots; a smoky, bitter leather drydown.
- sourced Muguet; prohibited in cosmetic products in the EU since 2021 (EU law: Regulation 2017/1410) and restricted by an IFRA Standard (the industry’s own rules, not law in the US). · Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1410 of 2 August 2017 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009
The trace-compound problem
- house interpretation It is one reason a “synthetic rose” rarely matches a natural rose absolute, and why older naturals can smell different from modern ones even when their main compounds agree.
from the house’s claims register and the records, checked against the pages’ own words when the site was built

