A resin in a Carthaginian tomb, identified as labdanum (6th–5th century BC)

The label is "probable", not "documented": the review that reports it says that no direct documentation supports the identification.

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The record

Each field carries its evidence: open a chip for the source, the quoted words and the confidence. A field with nothing behind it says so and stays empty.

Date

6th–5th century BC (century)

documented

A resinous archeological sample from a tomb in Carthago (6th–5th century BC), housed in the Fragonard Museum (Grasse, France), was identified as labdanum, resin of the Cistus species, although no direct documentation supported this identification

CIS-1 · Gago C, Bakchiche B, Djekhioua T, da Graça Miguel M · read 2026-09-30

confidence B

Label

probable (likely, but the source itself hedges)

house label

the house’s own reading, labelled as such

one of the four labels of the Reconstruction Lab (A §6.4), chosen from what the cited source itself says

confidence B

Kind

archaeology

house classification

the house’s own reading, labelled as such

the house’s grouping of events for the timeline

confidence B

What happened

A resinous sample from a tomb in Carthage, now in the Fragonard Museum in Grasse, was identified as labdanum, though no direct documentation supports the identification.

documented

A resinous archeological sample from a tomb in Carthago (6th–5th century BC), housed in the Fragonard Museum (Grasse, France), was identified as labdanum, resin of the Cistus species, although no direct documentation supported this identification

CIS-1 · Gago C, Bakchiche B, Djekhioua T, da Graça Miguel M · read 2026-09-30

confidence B

Place

Carthage (the sample is in the Fragonard Museum, Grasse)

documented

A resinous archeological sample from a tomb in Carthago (6th–5th century BC), housed in the Fragonard Museum (Grasse, France), was identified as labdanum, resin of the Cistus species, although no direct documentation supported this identification

CIS-1 · Gago C, Bakchiche B, Djekhioua T, da Graça Miguel M · read 2026-09-30

confidence B

Materials

• labdanum absolute

Botanicals

• Cistus ladanifer L.

Teaching accords

• An amber (the perfumer’s, not the resin)

Sources

1. CIS-1 · Gago C, Bakchiche B, Djekhioua T, da Graça Miguel M. Cistus ladanifer L.: Essential Oils, Volatiles, By-Products, and Their Biological Properties. Molecules. 2025;30(22):4425. doi.org/10.3390/molecules30224425 · read 2026-09-30 · CC BY 4.0

These records are published under CC BY 4.0.

this record as data: /data/event/carthage-labdanum-sample.json · version 1 · updated 2026-09-30 · confidence C