{
 "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "id": "bergapten",
 "type": "Molecule",
 "version": 3,
 "updated": "2026-09-30",
 "station": 4,
 "confidence": "A",
 "sources": [
  "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "GC-3",
  "IFRA-089",
  "EU-2009-1223"
 ],
 "notes": "Identity fetched from PubChem by Lane 11 (2026-09-30); raw responses in reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/.",
 "name": {
  "value": "Bergapten",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:11",
  "quote": "Bergapten",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "cas": {
  "value": "484-20-8",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.synonyms.json:9",
  "quote": "484-20-8",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "among the CID’s PubChem synonyms, and PubChem resolves it back to this CID"
 },
 "pubchem_cid": {
  "value": 2355,
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:5",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "formula": {
  "value": "C12H8O4",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:6",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "molecular_weight": {
  "value": 216.19,
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:7",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "g/mol, as PubChem states it"
 },
 "iupac_name": {
  "value": "4-methoxyfuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:10",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "smiles": {
  "value": "COC1=C2C=CC(=O)OC2=CC3=C1C=CO3",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:8",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "inchikey": {
  "value": "BGEBZHIAGXMEMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.property.json:9",
  "confidence": "A"
 },
 "conformer": {
  "kind": "PubChem computed 3D conformer",
  "conformer_id": "0000093300000001",
  "units": "angstrom",
  "evidence": "modeled",
  "source": "PUBCHEM-2355",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/step7/pubchem/cid-2355.3d.sdf:125",
  "note": "PubChem’s computed 3D conformer (the 3D SDF record): a model, drawn schematically, not an experimental structure",
  "atoms": [
   {
    "i": 1,
    "el": "O",
    "xyz": [
     2.6797,
     -1.9443,
     -0.1144
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 2,
    "el": "O",
    "xyz": [
     -2.1227,
     -1.3565,
     -0.1192
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 3,
    "el": "O",
    "xyz": [
     0.9529,
     2.36,
     0.3831
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 4,
    "el": "O",
    "xyz": [
     -4.3807,
     -0.9732,
     -0.1104
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 5,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     1.7917,
     0.1198,
     0.1232
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 6,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     -0.5955,
     0.5239,
     0.1344
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 7,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     0.7142,
     1.0226,
     0.2159
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 8,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     1.5183,
     -1.2343,
     -0.0462
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 9,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     -0.807,
     -0.8442,
     -0.0358
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 10,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     0.2357,
     -1.7702,
     -0.132
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 11,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     3.2075,
     0.2254,
     0.1589
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 12,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     -1.7497,
     1.4046,
     0.2236
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 13,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     3.696,
     -1.0519,
     0.0112
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 14,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     -2.9867,
     0.9089,
     0.1434
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 15,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     -3.2393,
     -0.5319,
     -0.0365
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 16,
    "el": "C",
    "xyz": [
     1.0855,
     3.141,
     -0.7993
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 17,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     0.0628,
     -2.8311,
     -0.2642
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 18,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     3.7989,
     1.1222,
     0.2777
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 19,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     -1.6062,
     2.4699,
     0.3632
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 20,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     4.6912,
     -1.4706,
     -0.0238
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 21,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     -3.8497,
     1.5622,
     0.2122
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 22,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     1.1964,
     4.1889,
     -0.5073
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 23,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     0.1997,
     3.0488,
     -1.4356
    ]
   },
   {
    "i": 24,
    "el": "H",
    "xyz": [
     1.9774,
     2.8395,
     -1.3576
    ]
   }
  ],
  "bonds": [
   {
    "a": 1,
    "b": 8,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 1,
    "b": 13,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 2,
    "b": 9,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 2,
    "b": 15,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 3,
    "b": 7,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 3,
    "b": 16,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 4,
    "b": 15,
    "order": 2
   },
   {
    "a": 5,
    "b": 7,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 5,
    "b": 8,
    "order": 2
   },
   {
    "a": 5,
    "b": 11,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 6,
    "b": 7,
    "order": 2
   },
   {
    "a": 6,
    "b": 9,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 6,
    "b": 12,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 8,
    "b": 10,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 9,
    "b": 10,
    "order": 2
   },
   {
    "a": 10,
    "b": 17,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 11,
    "b": 13,
    "order": 2
   },
   {
    "a": 11,
    "b": 18,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 12,
    "b": 14,
    "order": 2
   },
   {
    "a": 12,
    "b": 19,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 13,
    "b": 20,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 14,
    "b": 15,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 14,
    "b": 21,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 16,
    "b": 22,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 16,
    "b": 23,
    "order": 1
   },
   {
    "a": 16,
    "b": 24,
    "order": 1
   }
  ]
 },
 "descriptors": {
  "value": null,
  "evidence": null,
  "source": null,
  "where": null,
  "confidence": null,
  "note": "no descriptor on record: no house wording on a data file, no descriptor source filed"
 },
 "threshold": {
  "value": null,
  "unit": null,
  "medium": null,
  "method": null,
  "evidence": null,
  "source": null,
  "where": null,
  "date": null,
  "confidence": null,
  "note": "no odour-threshold measurement is filed: OT-1 has no entry and no study was found; none is implied (Lane 14, 2026-09-30)"
 },
 "occurrence": [
  {
   "material": "bergamot-essential-oil",
   "share": {
    "value": null,
    "evidence": null,
    "source": null,
    "where": null,
    "confidence": null,
    "note": "no share shown: the review’s range has no sample count or method"
   },
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "GC-3",
   "where": "docs/sources/GC-3-navarra-2015-bergamot-oil.md:25",
   "quote": "The non-volatile fraction (4–7% of total) contains pigments, waxes, coumarins, and psoralens (such as 5-methoxypsoralen, also known as bergapten or 5-MOP, contained in about 0.2%), as well as bergamottine [5-geranyloxypsoralen]) (Dugo et al., 2000).",
   "note": "in the oil’s non-volatile fraction; the review’s “about 0.2%” is not shown",
   "confidence": "B"
  }
 ],
 "volatility_class": {
  "value": null,
  "evidence": null,
  "source": null,
  "where": null,
  "confidence": null,
  "note": "data/1b/volatility.json (modeled) has no entry for bergapten"
 },
 "regulation": {
  "value": [
   "ifra-citrus-furocoumarins",
   "eu-2009-1223"
  ],
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "IFRA-089",
  "sources": [
   "EU-2009-1223"
  ],
  "where": "docs/sources/IFRA-089-citrus-furocoumarins.md:26",
  "quote": "it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to UV-light, the total level of Bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm).",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "Lane 20: the Regulation records that apply to it (educational summaries as of 2026-09-30; not compliance advice)"
 },
 "media": [],
 "links": {
  "material": "/material/bergamot-essential-oil",
  "essay": "/materials#origin-bergamot"
 },
 "copy": {
  "lede": "Bergapten, 5-methoxypsoralen, C12H8O4, is the furocoumarin of bergamot oil that can make skin sensitive to sunlight. Its identity is PubChem’s.",
  "body": [
   "A review of the oil places it in the fraction that does not evaporate and says that, for safety, it and the other phototoxic components should be removed, giving a furocoumarin-free oil. No share is given here."
  ]
 }
}