{
 "license": "https://www.radlerparfums.com/terms",
 "id": "payan-bertrand",
 "type": "House",
 "version": 1,
 "updated": "2026-10-08",
 "station": 12,
 "confidence": "B",
 "sources": [
  "FRREG-PAYAN",
  "PB-MAISON",
  "PFAP-1925",
  "POP-HONORE-PAYAN",
  "POP-PAYAN-BERTRAND",
  "WD-1"
 ],
 "name": {
  "value": "Payan Bertrand",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "PB-MAISON",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/PB-MAISON.txt:7",
  "quote": "Créé en 1854, Payan Bertrand",
  "confidence": "B",
  "note": null
 },
 "record_names": [
  "Payan & Bertrand",
  "Payan et Bertrand"
 ],
 "kind": "producer of naturals",
 "founded": {
  "value": "1854",
  "precision": "year",
  "year": 1854,
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "POP-HONORE-PAYAN",
  "sources": [
   "PFAP-1925",
   "PB-MAISON"
  ],
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/POP-HONORE-PAYAN.txt:7",
  "quote": "La société de parfumerie Honoré Payan, fondée officiellement en 1854",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": null
 },
 "founders": [
  {
   "name": "Honoré Payan",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "POP-HONORE-PAYAN",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/POP-HONORE-PAYAN.txt:7",
   "quote": "La société de parfumerie Honoré Payan, fondée officiellement en 1854",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "places": [
  {
   "place": "Grasse, the historic centre",
   "role": "founded in",
   "origin": "grasse-fr",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "POP-HONORE-PAYAN",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/POP-HONORE-PAYAN.txt:8",
   "quote": "se trouvait dans le centre historique de Grasse",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "place": "Grasse, by the road to Saint-Jean",
   "role": "works",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "PFAP-1925",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/PFAP-1925.txt:31",
   "quote": "à l’entrée du chemin de Saint-Jean",
   "confidence": "B",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "notable": [
  {
   "what": "distilled in the Alps and the Cévennes (1925)",
   "material": "lavender-essential-oil",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "PFAP-1925",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/PFAP-1925.txt:34",
   "quote": "particulièrement bien placée pour la production de la lavande",
   "confidence": "B",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "lineage": [
  {
   "relation": "renamed",
   "name": "Payan et Bertrand, when two of the family took over (1886)",
   "year": 1886,
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "POP-PAYAN-BERTRAND",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/POP-PAYAN-BERTRAND.txt:7",
   "quote": "qui nomment leur association Payan et Bertrand",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "relation": "acquired by",
   "name": "the Swiss industrialist Théophile Mühlethaler, who kept the name (1906)",
   "year": 1906,
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "POP-PAYAN-BERTRAND",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/POP-PAYAN-BERTRAND.txt:8",
   "quote": "Etienne Bertrand vend l'entreprise en 1906 à l'industriel suisse Théophile Mühlethaler, qui conserve le nom Payan et Bertrand.",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "status": {
  "value": "an active company with its head office in Grasse (French register)",
  "as_of": "2026-10-08",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "FRREG-PAYAN",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/FRREG-PAYAN.txt:7",
  "quote": "siege_commune: GRASSE",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the register (Sirene) shows the company active"
 },
 "notice": "Radler Parfums is independent and is not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by Payan Bertrand. Names and marks belong to their owners; this page is a historical note.",
 "disagreements": [
  {
   "text": "Who took over in 1886: one Inventaire notice names two cousins, Antoine Payan and Etienne Bertrand; another names Honoré Payan’s son Antoine and his nephew Edouard Bertrand.",
   "sources": [
    "POP-PAYAN-BERTRAND",
    "POP-HONORE-PAYAN"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "links": {},
 "copy": {
  "lede": "A Grasse house of natural raw materials founded as Honoré Payan in 1854 and named Payan et Bertrand from 1886; an active company in Grasse today.",
  "body": [
   "In 1925 it distilled lavender in the Alps and the Cévennes; its works stood by the road to Saint-Jean."
  ]
 },
 "source_licence": {
  "derived_from": "sources[] (scripts/validate-entities.mjs recomputes this)",
  "classes": [
   "CC0",
   "no licence stated",
   "open government licence"
  ],
  "commercial_use": "facts and short quotes only",
  "single_source": null,
  "licence": null
 },
 "wikidata_qid": {
  "value": "Q111210990",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "WD-1",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/wikidata/Q111210990.json:2",
  "quote": "\"qid\": \"Q111210990\"",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the Wikidata item read for this house (its English label: Payan Bertrand)"
 }
}