{
 "license": "https://www.radlerparfums.com/terms",
 "id": "firmenich",
 "type": "House",
 "version": 1,
 "updated": "2026-10-08",
 "station": 12,
 "confidence": "B",
 "sources": [
  "DSMF-AR2025",
  "HLS-CHUIT",
  "HLS-FIRMENICH",
  "HLS-NAEF",
  "PAT-US3158644",
  "SIX-DSMF",
  "WD-1"
 ],
 "name": {
  "value": "Firmenich",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "HLS-FIRMENICH",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-FIRMENICH.txt:7",
  "quote": "La société devient en 1934 Firmenich & C ie",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": null
 },
 "record_names": [
  "dsm-firmenich",
  "Chuit & Naef"
 ],
 "kind": "aroma-chemical company",
 "founded": {
  "value": "1895",
  "precision": "year",
  "year": 1895,
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "HLS-FIRMENICH",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-FIRMENICH.txt:8",
  "quote": "l'entreprise de parfums et arômes synthétiques fondée en 1895 par Philippe Chuit, gendre de Charles F., et Martin Naef",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": null
 },
 "founders": [
  {
   "name": "Philippe Chuit, chemist",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "HLS-CHUIT",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-CHUIT.txt:7",
   "quote": "C. crée en 1895 avec Martin Naef l'entreprise genevoise Chuit & Naef, qui travaille pour la parfumerie.",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "name": "Martin Naef",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "HLS-NAEF",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-NAEF.txt:7",
   "quote": "fonda en 1895 avec Philippe Chuit l'entreprise de parfums et arômes synthétiques Chuit & Naef",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "places": [
  {
   "place": "Geneva, in the garage of Charles Firmenich",
   "role": "founded in",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "DSMF-AR2025",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/DSMF-AR2025.txt:7",
   "quote": "established a perfumery business in the garage of Charles Firmenich in Geneva, Switzerland",
   "confidence": "B",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "place": "Geneva, a factory built at la Jonction (1900)",
   "role": "works",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "HLS-FIRMENICH",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-FIRMENICH.txt:9",
   "quote": "Elle s'installe en 1900 dans une usine construite à la Jonction.",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "place": "Grasse, a centre for naturals (2005–2007)",
   "role": "works",
   "origin": "grasse-fr",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "DSMF-AR2025",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/DSMF-AR2025.txt:8",
   "quote": "established its Naturals Center of Excellence in Grasse (Alpes-Maritimes, France) between 2005 and 2007",
   "confidence": "B",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "notable": [
  {
   "what": "research with the chemist Leopold Ruzicka, from the end of the war of 1914–1918",
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "HLS-CHUIT",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-CHUIT.txt:8",
   "quote": "Après la Première Guerre mondiale, C. s'attache la collaboration de Leopold Ruzicka.",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "what": "a 1960 Swiss patent for the keto-esters it belongs to, assigned to Firmenich & Cie; the molecule is prepared in the patent’s examples (US 3,158,644, 1964)",
   "molecule": "methyl-dihydrojasmonate",
   "year": 1960,
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "PAT-US3158644",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/PAT-US3158644.txt:7",
   "quote": "assignors to Firmenich & Cie, Geneva, Switzerland",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": "example 1 of the patent prepares “methyl 2-n-amyl-3-oxo-cyclopentylacetate”, the systematic name of the molecule"
  }
 ],
 "lineage": [
  {
   "relation": "renamed",
   "name": "Firmenich & Cie, successors of Chuit, Naef & Cie (1934); Firmenich SA (1972)",
   "year": 1934,
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "HLS-FIRMENICH",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/HLS-FIRMENICH.txt:10",
   "quote": "La société devient en 1934 Firmenich & C ie , successeurs de Chuit, Naef & C ie et en 1972 Firmenich SA.",
   "confidence": "A",
   "note": null
  },
  {
   "relation": "merged into",
   "name": "dsm-firmenich, with the Dutch company DSM (May 2023)",
   "year": 2023,
   "evidence": "documented",
   "source": "DSMF-AR2025",
   "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/DSMF-AR2025.txt:9",
   "quote": "dsm-firmenich came into being in May 2023 through the merger of Netherlands-based DSM N.V. and Swiss-based Firmenich International SA.",
   "confidence": "B",
   "note": null
  }
 ],
 "status": {
  "value": "part of dsm-firmenich, listed on Euronext Amsterdam and, since May 2026, on the SIX Swiss Exchange",
  "as_of": "2026-10-08",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "SIX-DSMF",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/filed/SIX-DSMF.txt:7",
  "quote": "dsm-firmenich listed on SIX Swiss Exchange, in addition to its existing listing on Euronext Amsterdam.",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": null
 },
 "notice": "Radler Parfums is independent and is not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by Firmenich. Names and marks belong to their owners; this page is a historical note.",
 "links": {},
 "copy": {
  "lede": "A Geneva maker of synthetic perfumes and flavours, founded in 1895 by the chemist Philippe Chuit and Martin Naef as Chuit & Naef, named Firmenich from 1934 and part of dsm-firmenich since 2023.",
  "body": [
   "A Swiss patent of 1960 assigned to Firmenich & Cie covers the keto-esters to which methyl dihydrojasmonate belongs."
  ]
 },
 "source_licence": {
  "derived_from": "sources[] (scripts/validate-entities.mjs recomputes this)",
  "classes": [
   "CC BY",
   "CC0",
   "no licence stated"
  ],
  "commercial_use": "facts and short quotes only",
  "single_source": null,
  "licence": null
 },
 "wikidata_qid": {
  "value": "Q671509",
  "evidence": "documented",
  "source": "WD-1",
  "where": "reports/plan-steps/houses/wikidata/Q671509.json:2",
  "quote": "\"qid\": \"Q671509\"",
  "confidence": "A",
  "note": "the Wikidata item read for this house (its English label: Firmenich)"
 }
}